Debian虚拟机没有网卡无法联网

打开/etc/network/interfaces

# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).
# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
# The primary network interface
allow-hotplug eth0
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.1.199
netmask 255.255.255.0
gatway 192.168.1.1

如果dhcp
iface eth0 inet dhcp
网关
/etc/resolv.conf

nameserver 192.168.1.1
nameserver 0.0.0.0
/etc/init.d/networking restart

使用dmesg命令查看我们网卡信息

失败，查看原因，找不到driver，eth0执行
dmesg | grep eth

[5.715564] e1000 0000:02:01.0 eth0: (PCI:66MHz:32-bit) 00:0c:29:7d:bf:43
[5.715573] e1000 0000:02:01.0 eth0: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Connection
[5.719709] e1000 0000:02:01.0 ens33: renamed from eth0

所以改成ens33就行了

root@debian:~# lspci | grep -i ethernet
02:01.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82545EM Gigabit Ethernet Controller (Copper) (rev 01)
root@debian:~# lsmod | grep e1000
e1000     86156     0   //这里提示网卡已经加载到内核中

下面这条命令非常的有效，查看我们的网卡驱动程序在哪里：

root@debian:~# modinfo e1000
filename:       /lib/modules/5.10.0-9-amd64/kernel/drivers/net/ethernet/intel/e1000/e1000.ko
license:        GPL v2
description:    Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Driver
author:         Intel Corporation, <linux.nics@intel.com>
........................

Linux网卡命名enp3s0说明

Ubuntu 16的更新幅度很大，当属systemd替换掉了initd来引导系统这个动作给用户带来的影响最大，
原来习惯service什么的来控制系统服务什么的，现在竟然被systemctl这个命令替换了（虽然service依旧可用）。
systemd带来的另外一个副作用（或者可以说是优点）就是网络接口的命名方式变了:

/*
 * Two character prefixes based on the type of interface:
 *   en — Ethernet
 *   sl — serial line IP (slip)
 *   wl — wlan
 *   ww — wwan
 *
 * Type of names:
 *   b<number>                             — BCMA bus core number
 *   c<bus_id>                             — CCW bus group name, without leading zeros [s390]
 *   o<index>[d<dev_port>]                 — on-board device index number
 *   s<slot>[f<function>][d<dev_port>]     — hotplug slot index number
 *   x<MAC>                                — MAC address
 *   [P<domain>]p<bus>s<slot>[f<function>][d<dev_port>]
 *                                         — PCI geographical location
 *   [P<domain>]p<bus>s<slot>[f<function>][u<port>][..][c<config>][i<interface>]
 *                                         — USB port number chain
 */

上面一段是systemd源码的注释，意思是: